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合成全景【國外經(jīng)典】Making Of starbucks coffee by Reinaldo Handaya
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一天一篇的賞析又來了，今天這篇教程的作者也是前兩天翻譯的那個(gè)Bergman Werntoft House教程的同一個(gè)作者，兩篇教程都提到過他的老師說過的話，即：VRay只是一個(gè)工具，最重要的是要不斷提高自己的審美能力和感覺。我也表示很贊同，這篇教程里作者講的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都很詳細(xì),尤其是后期，幾乎每一步都有講，為什么要這么做，希望大家不要錯(cuò)過。
introduction (介紹)
The first time I’ve seen the photos of Starbucks Coffee by Kengo Kuma it really caught my eye. I loved the design very much. Simple materials but complicated. And after several observations I decided to recreate it in 3d.
當(dāng)我第一次看到由Kengo Kuma設(shè)計(jì)的星巴克咖啡店的照片時(shí)，它確實(shí)令我入神了。 我非常喜歡這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)。簡約而不簡單。并且隨后的幾番觀察我決定用3D將它制作出來。
Here are a few photos of the original taken by Masao Nishikawa, and you can see them all at - Starbucks Coffee / Kengo Kuma & Associates on Archdaily.
這是一些Masao Nishikawa拍攝的原始照片，你可以在Archdaily網(wǎng)站上看到全部（Starbucks Coffee / Kengo Kuma & Associates ）
I’m using 3dsmax 2012, VRay, Photoshop CS 5.5 and Magic Bullet to help me in post production. For some of the modeling, I got help from my friend, Sinung Wahyono… He is indeed a great 3d modeller.
我使用了3ds max 2012的版本，VRay, Photoshop CS 5.5和Magic Bullet來幫助我完成后期處理。有一些模型的建模，我從朋友那得到了幫助，Sinung Wahyono…他確實(shí)是一個(gè)很好的3D模型師。
Units(單位）
For interior rendering I always use centimeter units. Scale in this 3D rendering does matter. To get a good image we also need good proportion of our objects in the scene.
室內(nèi)表現(xiàn)中我一般都使用厘米做為單位，比例在3D渲染中也非常重要。要得到一張好圖，場景中物體比例要合理。
Gamma Space(伽馬模式)
Before you start you must decided in what space we want to work… Gamma 1.0 or Gamma 2.2 space…
開始你的工作之前你必須要決定你的空間是要作用伽馬1.0還是伽馬2.0的模式
I often work in Gamma 1.0 space actually, but this time I decided to work in gamma 2.2 using Linear Work Flow.
在平時(shí)工作中我實(shí)際上都是使用伽馬1.0，但是這一次我決定使用伽馬2.2的線性工作流程。
Working in Linear Work Flow (LWF) is very easy because in real life camera also work in Gamma 2.2. There are lots of advantages in using LWF gamma 2.2. You will get your scene brighter than with Gamma 1.0 and the black part will not contrast so much too. This will help us to control the dark side of our rendering.
使用線性工作流程是非常容易的，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)生活的相機(jī)工作的伽馬值也是2.2.使用線性工作流程伽馬2.2有許多優(yōu)勢。你將得到比用伽馬1.0的時(shí)候更明亮的場景，暗部對比也不會(huì)太強(qiáng)，這樣就可以幫助我們?nèi)タ刂其秩緢D像的暗部。
You can learn more about LWF here – Linear Workflow Made Simple by Matt Gorner
你可以學(xué)到更多關(guān)于LWF從這里（注：我將鏈接換成了Fusion哥博客里的介紹，老外的全是E文，由于時(shí)間問題，這里就不翻譯了）
附：LWF相關(guān)知識： 關(guān)于LWF——線性工作流
Here are the settings…
下面就是設(shè)置
Modeling（建模部分）
First thing to do was to create the building. I used splines to define the walls, ceiling, and floors and then used the extrude modifier to create them.
第一件事情就是創(chuàng)建建筑模型，我使用二維線來勾畫墻體，天花板還有地面然后使用擠出修改器來創(chuàng)建他們。
After that I continued to the woodworking. Nothing special here actually… I modeled the single wood group the would be repeated along the walls with chamfered boxes, and then copy pasted them to arrange along the walls… old school, takes time, but simple.
之后，我繼續(xù)建立木頭，實(shí)際上這里沒有什么特別…我建立一個(gè)單一的木頭模型組，并將這些倒角BOX沿著墻體重復(fù)復(fù)制。這是比較笨的方法，但是也很簡單。
I then added the interior furnishings such as the tables, chairs and bar area to fill up the interior following the reference photos of the real thing.
然后我加入一些室內(nèi)裝飾品，例如桌子，椅子和客廳里的東西參考真實(shí)場景進(jìn)行擺放。
Lighting(燈光照明部分)
In the image below you can see my settings for the lighting…
從下圖中你可以看到我的燈光參數(shù)設(shè)置
This time I used an HDR as the main light source in the scene, tweaked a bit using color correct.
在場景里我使用一個(gè)HDR作為主要的光源，并且調(diào)節(jié)了一下它的顏色。
I used HDRI for the first time in this scene and found out that it needs more render time since you need a high enough subdiv setting. On the other hand you can get away with lower hsph subdiv value.
我第一次在這個(gè)場景中使用HDRI時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)它的使用速度很慢因?yàn)樾枰阍O(shè)置一個(gè)比較高的細(xì)分值。而用另外一種方法，你可以設(shè)置一個(gè)低的細(xì)分值。
I also used a VRay Light Plane for the indirect light from the floor. As you can see in the option, I didn’t check the invisible option. This will be useful for the render element and I will explain it later.
我另外使用VRay片燈作為地面的間接光照。正如你所看到的選項(xiàng)，我沒有檢查你看不到的選項(xiàng)，這將是非常有用的，我一會(huì)兒在后面說明。
Also, for down-lights I use VRay ies because it count Light Cache very fast, not like ordinary IES photometric light.
另外，對于向下照射的燈，我使用VRay光域網(wǎng)，因?yàn)樗?jì)算燈光緩存特別快，不像普通的光度學(xué)光域網(wǎng)。
So as you can see I use a simple lighting technique here.
這就是你所看到的我使用了一個(gè)簡單燈光照明技術(shù)。
Camera(攝像機(jī))
Setting up your VRay Cameras is an important stage. You can see my settings in the image below
設(shè)置你的VRay（物理）相機(jī)是一個(gè)非常重要的步驟，你能看到我的設(shè)置從下圖。
I tried to stay true to real photography aspect ratios and find the best viewpoints possible… Thinking about the woodwork on the walls catching the light and having the rule of thirds in mind to as I set the entrance on the lower left third. There is also a strong diagonal line going from top left to bottom right, catching the wall to ceiling line and the benches too.
我試圖忠實(shí)于現(xiàn)實(shí)攝影效果和找到最好的可能性觀點(diǎn)…思考木制品在墻上捕捉到的燈光按照三分法則應(yīng)該將入口降低至左下1/3處，還有一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈的對角線是從左上角到右下角
For White Balance, I always start using the neutral preset. This would be the baseline for any corrections made later. After the first tests I will consider to change the WB, but this time I stick around with neutral until the end of the process.
關(guān)于白平衡，我一開始使用中性一點(diǎn)的設(shè)置，這將是以后的修改的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。通過這第一步測試我將考慮改變白平衡設(shè)置,但是這次我堅(jiān)持中性直到最后。
Please see the HDRI setting once again. There I set the render multiplier to 1.0 and just change the Camera Settings to tweak the exposure… Why? I think it makes things simple with just one place to control the exposure of the image. It also resembles real life photography conditions, as the sun and skylight are given and you set the camera to fit.
請?jiān)僦匦驴匆幌翲DRI的設(shè)置，我設(shè)置渲染強(qiáng)度為1.0并且修改了相機(jī)的曝光……為什么？我認(rèn)為這會(huì)讓事情變得簡單，只要有一個(gè)地方來控制圖像的曝光，同樣記住真實(shí)的攝影情況。當(dāng)有太陽和天窗時(shí)你只要設(shè)置相機(jī)來匹配就可以了。
Materials(材質(zhì)部分)
CONCRETE MATERIAL （混凝土材質(zhì)）
I created the concrete material out of two base textures blended using Photoshop and you can see the mat buildup below…
我建混凝土，我用了兩個(gè)基本的紋理，用PS進(jìn)行了混合并且你可以從下圖看到。
I did the same thing with the ceiling and the floor material since all of them are concrete.
對于天花板和地面的材質(zhì)我做了同樣的設(shè)置,因?yàn)樗麄兌际腔炷恋摹?
WOOD MATERIAL FOR THE TABLE
桌子的木頭材質(zhì)
As you can see in my scene there are lots of tables there, and there is no way all of them will look the same in real life… the wood texture they have. What I did was attaching the table tops into one object and assign material by element modifier to it.
如你所見在場景中有很多桌子，無法讓他們都看起來像是現(xiàn)實(shí)的樣子，他們的木材紋理，我只將他們加在桌子的頂面并且指定材質(zhì)到元素。
After that I created one multi/sub-object material. Defined 8 different wood textures in it, and there you have it… table tops do not look the same. I did the same thing with the woodwork on the ceiling and walls.
在那之后，我創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)多維物體/子對象材質(zhì)，定義了8個(gè)不同的木頭紋理在里邊，你有了它，將會(huì)讓你的桌面看起來不一樣，我用同樣的方法來制作天花板的墻體的材質(zhì)。
Rendering(渲染部分)
Now its time to render the final image. Below you can see the preset I use for the final rendering.
現(xiàn)在該是渲染最終圖像的時(shí)候了，下圖你將看到我使用的最終渲染圖像 的設(shè)置。
As my previous explanation on HDRI section. You can see the hsph subdiv are set to only use 60 and global subdiv multiplier 1. This was good enough and I was satisfied with the result of the base render.
我前面部分對于HDRI的說明，你能看到我半球細(xì)分的設(shè)置只用了60和全局細(xì)分倍增為1，這已經(jīng)很好了并且我對于這個(gè)結(jié)果很滿意。
Below you can see the result of the rendering.
下圖就是最終渲染圖像。
As you can see, the result is clean enough and I’m very happy about this. 正如你所看到的，圖像里非常干凈，對于這個(gè)結(jié)果我非常高興。 It is not bright enough, but that is perfectly OK… I do not have any blowout at the entrance and will compensate for it all in post production. 雖然它的亮度不夠，但這是非常的完美…我沒有做任何的曝光在入口，我將在后期處理中加強(qiáng)。 Post production(后期處理) I did a lot of work in this stage, and I’ll do my best to describe it in detail here… so let’s go! 在這一步，我做了許多工作。我將盡我最大的努力來詳細(xì)的描述一下在這里……現(xiàn)在開始。
First, I want to brighten up the scene a bit. However, I don’t want the floor near the entrance to blowout. I used a brightness and contrast adjustment layer with the floor being masked out of it. Just select the floor using wirecolor and that will help you fill in the mask using black color. And as you can see the result is the floor still like the original rendering. 首先，我想提亮一下場景，盡管如此，我不想地面靠近入口的地方曝掉。我使用明度和對比度的調(diào)整層對地面做了一個(gè)蒙板。只選擇地面將幫助你用黑色填充蒙板。如你以看到的，效果和最初渲染圖像是一樣的。
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Next, using the reflection render element… once again I mask out the floor and, enhance the reflection by changing the blending type to linear dodge (add) and give 70 percent of the opacity. This is done by feel, there is no fix law about this.
接下來，使用反射通道渲染元素…再一次我用地面的選區(qū)做一個(gè)蒙板，加強(qiáng)反射通過調(diào)節(jié)混合模式為線性減淡（增加）并且給70%的不透明度，只是憑感覺，沒有任何依據(jù)。
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I wanted to enhance the downlight and also the starbucks logo, for both of them I used VRay Light material, so I could use the VRay Self Illumination render element. I use linear dodge (add) opacity 100 percent.
我想加強(qiáng)射燈和星巴克標(biāo)志。對于他們倆，我使用了VRay燈光材質(zhì)，所以我需要渲染VRay自發(fā)光通道元素。并且我用線性減淡（增加）不透明度100%進(jìn)行混合。
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Next step is to enhance the indirect light on the floor. I use VRay Light select render element and I only select the VRay Light plane for the indirect light. Now as promise, explanation why in the VRay Light plane is not checked as invisible.
接下來的步驟是加強(qiáng)地面上的間接光照。我使用VRay光來渲染元素并且只選擇VRay燈的間接光照?，F(xiàn)在兌現(xiàn)承諾，解釋為什么用VRay片燈不勾選它的不可見性。
Because then this render element won’t be active. So in order to activate this you must not check invisible. Below is the image of how this render element looks like.
因?yàn)楹髞礓秩驹貨]有被激活，所以為了激活這個(gè)，你必須不能勾選不可見。下圖就是這個(gè)通道元素的渲染圖
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Here I use linear dodge (add) and 76 percent of opacity. And the result is below…
這里，我使用線性減淡（增加）和76%的不透明度，如下圖…
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I continue to enhance the VRay ies for the downlight. Once again I used VRay Light select and only selected the VRay ies objects (all the ies). I use linear dodge (add) and 59 percent opacity. See the table near camera with croissant on it (makes me feel hungry now) actually the result is not good on that spot, the ies effect got over burned, so I decided to reduce it there by using local masking to reduce the strength of the light on the part only.
我繼續(xù)增強(qiáng)VRay光域網(wǎng)射燈的亮度，我再一次使用VRay光選擇并且只選擇了VRay光域網(wǎng)物體（所有的光域網(wǎng)文件），我作用線性減淡（增加）和59%的不透明度，看離相機(jī)比較近有很多羊角面包在上面的桌子（現(xiàn)在我開始覺得有點(diǎn)餓了）實(shí)際上這個(gè)燈光的渲染結(jié)果不是很好，這個(gè)光域網(wǎng)燈有點(diǎn)過了，所以我決定降低它用局部遮罩來降低燈光照在它上面的強(qiáng)度。
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Next was to enhance the ambience from the ies light on the sofa. Once again I used a VRay Light select render element using VRay ies and this time I masked it black and brushed in white back where needed. I brush the sofa area only to enhance the yellow ambience. Here I use linear dodge (add) 60 percent opacity.
接下來提亮環(huán)境從光域網(wǎng)照在沙發(fā)上開始，我又使用了VRay光選擇渲染元素使用VRay光域網(wǎng)并且這次我用黑色刷在白色背景上需要刷的地方。我刷在沙發(fā)區(qū)域，僅在入口加上一些黃色的氛圍。這里我使用線性減淡（增加）60%的不透明度。
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Now its time to use magic bullet photolooks. To start, I use a film like curve and I tweak the curve a bit, and as you can see, the result is very contrasty. I always like high contrast in my images, but overdoing it is not good.
現(xiàn)在是該使用魔術(shù)子彈的時(shí)候了，剛開始，我使用一個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)電影效果經(jīng)常用到的曲線并且我只修改了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，如你所見到的，這個(gè)結(jié)果對比非常強(qiáng)烈。在我的圖里，我總是喜歡強(qiáng)對比，但是過度也不好。
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After seeing the result I desaturated it a bit so I use saturation tool and change the amount to 89 percent.
調(diào)完了上一步，我降低了一些飽和度，我用飽和度工具，并且將數(shù)值修改到89%。
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Here I change the mood to look more greenish. I use 3-way color corrector to do the color correction. And I tweak the parameter until I got the green look I wanted.
現(xiàn)在我改了一下調(diào)子，讓它看起來更綠一點(diǎn)。我使用3色來校正顏色，并且調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)一直到我想要的效果。
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I also wanted to enhance the brightness on the window / skylight in the ceiling and also on the entrance. I use spot exposure, this does a really good job at it. I used 2 or 3 spot exposure in the places I wanted to enhance.
我也想加強(qiáng)天窗邊天光和入口的亮度。我使用了2或者3個(gè)點(diǎn)曝光放在我想放置的入口。
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At this point the image looked good, but some warmth was needed… as the image seemed to cold to me now. I used the warm/cool tool to make it warmer.
現(xiàn)在圖像看起來感覺不錯(cuò)，但是需要一些暖色，現(xiàn)在感覺圖像有點(diǎn)偏冷。我用暖/冷工具將它調(diào)得暖一些。
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I still feel we need to do some more color correction. I did a 3-way color corrector once again…
我仍然感覺我需做更多的色彩校正，同樣又一遍使用3色來校正色彩。
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The result is much better than before. I commit the changes and go back to the Photoshop layer. I do some level corrections, tweaking the Red, Green, Blue levels one by one.
現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果比之前更好了，我確定調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)并回到PS圖層，我加了一些色階修正，分別調(diào)節(jié)了紅，藍(lán)，綠三個(gè)顏色通道的色階。
Here the result…
下面就是結(jié)果……
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Now lets do the glowing sky part…
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入添加天空光暈部分
Back to magic bullet photolooks. I use diffusion first and after that I use star filter.
回到魔術(shù)子彈，第一我使用了擴(kuò)散和星光濾鏡。
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The result is not affecting the windows area only, it affects all the image. We don’t want that foggy lens look all over…
這個(gè)結(jié)果并不只影響窗口區(qū)域，它也影響了整個(gè)圖像，我不想讓鏡頭看起來像有霧罩著一樣。
I use a black mask, brushing white to bring back the effect to the desired places only – glass windows area.
我使用了黑色蒙板，只在窗口區(qū)域用白色筆刷進(jìn)行光暈效果的恢復(fù)。
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Next thing was to set a background on the entrance area. Here I wanted to have a good result just like in real life, so I added a background and controlled the exposure to make it fit the light levels of that area.
接下來的事是在入口處加上一個(gè)背景，我想和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中一樣有一個(gè)好的效果。所以我需要加上一張背景并且控制好曝光使得它整合到畫面中。
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The corner of the ceiling still looked too dark for me… I used a hue saturation channel mixer and raised the lightness value, using a mask to affect the specific corner only.
天花板的角落對于我來說看起來還是有點(diǎn)暗，我用色彩飽和度通道混合器和提高亮度值，使用蒙板來只影響特定的角落。
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To enhance the image more, I gave it a depth of field effect…
我整體提亮了一下圖像，給了一個(gè)景深效果。
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And the last touch was a vignette effect…
最也加上了一個(gè)暗角的效果。
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Well, actually there are still some other last touch, but I guess you can pick this up from here and go on pretty good on your own…
好了，實(shí)際上還有一些其他地方的修改，我猜你也能從這里學(xué)到怎么調(diào)節(jié)你們自己想要的效果 。
Thank you for reading this making of starbucks designed by Kengo Kuma, and I hope this tutorial can help you in your own work. Always remember, just like my teacher Nelson Liauw always said, in VRay is just setting numbers, the best way to improve is to sharpen your own sense. 謝謝你來閱讀這篇由Kengo Kuma設(shè)計(jì)的星巴克的制作教程，我希望這個(gè)教程對幫助到你，一定要記住，如我老師說的，VRay只是設(shè)置一些參數(shù)，最好的方法是提升自己的審美能力和感覺。 本文轉(zhuǎn)載自：http://www.archivizcn.com 感謝翻譯
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